Originally shared on the public FactorioPrints / Factorio School archive (factorioprints.com · factorio.school). Authorship preserved from the public catalog.
Each asteroid collector only grabs one kind of asteroid. Their inserters only place an asteroid on the sushi belt if there are 5 or fewer of that type of asteroid on the belt.
The inserters at the crushers only place their respective items on the belt if there are less than a certain amount of it; 25 for ice and carbon, 50 for iron ore (to be tweaked)
The inserters on the hub act as a buffer; the ones that place items on the belt have the same conditions as the ones at the crushers, and the ones that place items into the hub read the contents of the hub, to keep a buffer of materials. They're placed so that they're on the belt before the fuel production and taken off after fuel production has had a change to grab their items.
Iron plates only get placed on the belt if there are <10 of them. No buffer for those.
Ammo is only produced if there's less than 400 in storage
Ammo is placed on the belt if there's <30, and removed from the belt if there's >40.
The thrusters use an efficiency optimized blueprint I got off the internet. I also hooked up the two fuel producing chemical plants with a combinator, so that it gives a single signal to the hub when there's enough fuel.