This started based off a ship I saw on reddit for making quantum processor chips. I made a few improvements with the rail guns after losing the ship a couple times to/from Aquilo.
This makes about 15k science per minute. Prefacing all of this with knowing there are probably better ways to do some of this, but it was kind of a figure it out as I went thing. Once I figured out quality I upgraded the collectors and cargo bays, but you can downgrade those and just lower overall quantities.
I run a loop Vulcanus: Pickup 10k carbon 20k iron plates Fulgora: Pickup 10k ice Nauvis: Logistic request science as needed. Ship stocks up to ~125k Pickup Rail Gun and machine gun ammo, along with rockets. (the ship makes some, but to supplement if needed.) I use a separate ship to import Fluoroketone and Fusion cells from Aquilo, but you could just as easily add that as a stop on the ships loop.
The original ship - https://factoriobin.com/post/ybcmjj
Original Reddit post - https://www.reddit.com/r/factorio/comments/1i6rhj4/i_call_this_ship_the_future_it_produces_quantum/